Classification of disinfectant ingredients
2025-12-09
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Oxidising
The mechanism of sterilisation is to release new ecological atomic oxygen, oxidising the active groups in the bacterium; the sterilisation is characterised by a fast and strong action, killing all microorganisms, including bacterial spores and viruses. Surface disinfection-based, such as chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, ozone, sodium hypochlorite, etc., the disinfectant for the steriliser.
Aldehydes
Sterilisation mechanism is to make protein denaturation or alkylation; sterilisation characteristics are effective for bacteria, spores, fungi, viruses. But the temperature has a greater impact. Such as formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and so on. This type of disinfectant can be used as a sterilising agent.
Phenols
Sterilisation mechanism is to make the protein denaturation, precipitation or inactivation of enzyme systems; bactericidal characteristics of fungi and some viruses are effective.
Alcohols
Sterilisation mechanism is to make protein denaturation, interfere with metabolism; sterilisation characteristics are effective for bacteria, not effective for spores, fungi, viruses, such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol. This type of disinfectant is a moderate disinfectant, can only be used for general disinfection.
Alkali salts
Sterilisation mechanism is to make protein denaturation, precipitation or dissolution; bactericidal characteristics are able to kill bacterial propagules, can kill bacterial spores, viruses and some difficult to kill microorganisms. Strong bactericidal effect, strong corrosive, such as sodium hydroxide, calcium oxide, table salt (non-corrosive) and so on. Generally can only be used as a preventive disinfection solution and sterilisation of washing liquid.
Halogen
The mechanism of bactericidal oxidation of the active genes in the bacterium, combined with the amino group to denature the protein; characterized by the ability to kill most of the microorganisms, mainly surface disinfection, the nature of the unstable, the bactericidal effect of the environmental conditions by the influence of the large, such as sodium hypochlorite, euclid, and so on. This type of disinfectant is a medium effect disinfectant, can be used as a general disinfectant.
Surfactant class
Sterilisation mechanism is to change the cell membrane permeability, make the cytoplasm leakage, hinder the respiration or make the protease denaturation; Sterilisation characteristics is to be able to kill the bacterial propagation body, but on the spores, fungi, viruses, tuberculosis germs have poor effect. The effect is good under alkaline and neutral conditions, such as Xinjie Ermian and Baiyuji. This type of disinfectant is a medium-low-effective disinfectant and can be used as a general disinfectant.
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